Geophysical monitoring is a field of study that involves the measurement and analysis of various physical properties of the Earth, such as seismic waves, gravity, magnetic fields, and electrical conductivity. This type of monitoring is used to study and understand the Earth's structure, composition, and dynamic processes, such as earthquakes, volcanic activity, groundwater flow, and tectonic movements. Geophysical monitoring techniques are commonly used in geology, environmental science, and civil engineering to assess hazards, monitor changes in the environment, and predict geological events.